Didiot, R. Bennetot, M. Coton, E. Poirier, E. Coton, A. When applying mold powders with an atomizer, the moisture, temperature, and air circulation must be monitored to avoid a wet cheese surface. Fast shipping and excellent quality! We have a lovely camembert cheese ripening now and can't wait to try it. There is a lovely white fuzzy mold on the outer rind and that showed up in days over the entire cheese. There is enough mold in the package to make many more of these and I can't wait!
Thank you for a wonderful product! Used to make Brie and it worked very well. Nice even growth all over the cheese. Used this to make goat cheese with ash. I have great white growth on the cheese. Took over the ash covering between day 3 and 5.
This was my first time doing bloomy rind cheese. Enzymatic activity contributed significantly to Cr VI reduction. N3 reduced the levels of Cr VI in polluted soil samples, suggesting that these strains might be useful for cleaning up chromium-contaminated sites. Effect of penicillium mutation by UV and gamma radiation on xylanase production. Many microorganisms produce enzymes which have importance in industrial processes.
Usually this production, is not sufficient for these needs at economical level. The bioindustry concentrates on increasing the production of these enzymes. This leads to the progress of this kind of industry, which use different biotechnology means, for example mutation and screening to choice more potent strain.
In this study Ultra Violet and Gamma irradiation conducted on Penicillium canescen in order to produce new mutant strains , have the ability to produce more xylanase enzyme for industrial uses.
Ultra Violet irradiation enable to select five mutant strains having more enzyme production ability. Biotransformation of 2,4-dinitroanisole by a fungal Penicillium sp. Insensitive munitions explosives are new formulations that are less prone to unintended detonation compared to traditional explosives. Fungi may be useful in remediation and have been shown to degrade traditional nitroaromatic explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, that are structurally similar to DNAN.
In this study, a fungal Penicillium sp. Stable-isotope labeled DNAN and an untargeted metabolomics approach were used to discover 13 novel transformation products.
KH1 produced DNAN metabolites resulting from ortho- and para-nitroreduction, demethylation, acetylation, hydroxylation, malonylation, and sulfation. Incubations with intermediate metabolites such as 2-aminonitroanisole and 4-aminonitroanisole as the primary substrates confirmed putative metabolite isomerism and pathways. No ring-cleavage products were observed, consistent with other reports that mineralization of DNAN is an uncommon metabolic outcome.
The production of metabolites with unknown persistence and toxicity suggests further study will be needed to implement remediation with Penicillium sp. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the biotransformation of DNAN by a fungus. Taxonomic studies of the Penicillium glabrum complex and the description of a new species P. A mycological survey of fungi, present in several stages of the manufacturing of cork discs for champagne stoppers in Portugal, was made.
On the mechanism for the formation of indole alkalois in Penicillium concavo-rugulosum. Experiments on the biosynthesis and microbiological conversion of indole alkaloids in Penicillium concavo-rugulosum were carried out with the growing and resting mycelia, respectively, of a selected strain of the same mold.
Alkaloid Meleagrine and Chrysogine from endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. Several endophytic fungal strains from Srikaya plants Annona squamosa L. Penicillium has been proven as an established source for a wide array of unique bioactive secondary metabolites that exhibit a variety of biological activities.
The aim of this study is isolation of secondary metabolite from Penicillium , an endophytic of A. The whole extract from both liquid media and mycelium was partitioned by ethyl acetate and evaporated to obtain crude ethyl acetate extract. Isolated secondary metabolites were tested using in vitro assays for anticancer and antimicrobial activity. For anticancer activity, the metabolites were tested against breast cancer cells MCF-7 using MTT assay, while for antimicrobial activity was performed using disk diffusion assays.
From these physical, chemical and spectral evidences that the secondary metabolites were confirmed as Chrysogine and Meleagrine. Chrysogine and Meleagrine have no activity as anticancer and antimicrobial. Mycotoxins, drugs and other extrolites produced by species in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium. This is an underestimate as several pigments, volatiles and uncharacterized extrolites are not included in this average. Several reported producers are reidentified and new producers of known extrolites In most cases these extrolites are produced consistently by all isolates examined in a species.
The important antibiotic penicillin is produced by all members of series Chrysogena and P. The cholesterol-lowering agent compactin is produced by P Andrastin A and barceloneic acid metabolites, protein farnesyl transferase inhibitors from Penicillium alborcoremium: chemotaxonomic significance and pathological implications. A survey of Penicillium albocoremium was undertaken to identify potential taxonomic metabolite markers. One major and four minor metabolites were consistently produced by the 19 strains surveyed on three different media.
Following purification and spectral studies, the metabolites were identified Cloning, recombinant expression and characterization of a new phytase from Penicillium chrysogenum. The phy gene, which encodes a phytase in Penicillium chrysogenum CCT , was cloned into the vector pANphy and the resulting plasmid was used for the cotransformation of Penicillium griseoroseum PG63 protoplasts.
Among the 91 transformants obtained, 23 were cotransformants. From there, the phytase activity of these 23 transformants was evaluated and P.
The recombinant strain P. The deduced PHY protein has amino acids; an isoelectric point pI higher than that reported for phytases from filamentous fungi 7. PHY produced by the recombinant strain P. The data presented here show that P. Anti-inflammatory effects of secondary metabolites isolated from the marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium sp.
After the chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium sp. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of these metabolites showed that 4 inhibited nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia, with IC 50 values of 8.
The inhibitory function of 4 was confirmed based on decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression. NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in Penicillium chrysogenum is involved in regulation of beta-lactam production. Supplementation with glutamate restored growth but no beta-lactam production was detected for the constructed strains.
Cultures with high ammonium concentrations repressing conditions and with proline as nitrogen source de-repressed conditions showed The interactions between the ammonium assimilatory pathways and beta-lactam production were investigated by disruption of the NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene gdhA in two industrial beta-lactam-producing strains of Penicillium chrysogenum.
The strains used were an adipoylADCA By overexpressing the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, the specific growth rate could be restored, but still no beta-lactam production was detected. The results Tanzawaic acids I—L: Four new polyketides from Penicillium sp. Full Text Available Four new polyketides have been identified in culture filtrates of the fungal strain Penicillium sp. IBWF isolated from a soil sample. They are structurally based on the same trans-decalinpentanoic acid skeleton as tanzawaic acids A—H.
Other species are considered enzyme factories or are common indoor air allergens To coincide with the move to one fungus one name in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, the generic concept To add to the taxonomic value of the list, we also provide information on each accepted Growth and enzyme production by three Penicillium species on monosaccharides.
The growth and preference for utilisation of various sugar by the Penicillium species Penicillium pinophilum IBT , Penicillium persicinum IBT and Penicillium brasilianum IBT was studied in batch cultivations using various monosaccharides as carbon source, either alone or in mixtur Xylose did not repress the enzyme production and it induced the production of endoxylanases and beta-xylosidases Two Penicillium species namely, Penicillium oxalicum and Penicillium citrinum cultivated by solid surface fermentation method using rice bran homogenized with 0.
Free chlorine and monochloramine inactivation kinetics of Aspergillus and Penicillium in drinking water. Fungi are near-ubiquitous in potable water distribution systems, but the disinfection kinetics of commonly identified fungi are poorly studied. In the present study, laboratory scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the inactivation kinetics of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor, and Penicillium purpurogenum by free chlorine and monochloramine.
The observed inactivation data were then fit to a delayed Chick-Watson model. Based on the model parameter estimation, the Ct values integrated product of disinfectant concentration C and contact time t over defined time intervals for Fungal isolates from a drinking water system Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium purpurogenum were more disinfection resistant than Aspergillus fumigatus type and clinical isolates.
The required Antifungal activity of strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a semolina ecosystem against Penicillium roqueforti, Aspergillus niger and Endomyces fibuliger contaminating bakery products. Thirty samples of Italian durum wheat semolina and whole durum wheat semolina, generally used for the production of Southern Italy's traditional breads, were subjected to microbiological analysis in order to explore their lactic acid bacteria LAB diversity and to find strains with antifungal activity.
They were grown in a flour-based medium, comparable to a real food system, and the resulting fermentation products FPs were tested against fungal species generally contaminating bakery products, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti and Endomyces fibuliger. The results of the study indicated a strong inhibitory activity - comparable to that obtained with the common preservative calcium propionate 0.
The screening also highlighted the unexplored antifungal activity of L. The fermentation products of these three strains were characterized by low pH values, and a high content of lactic and acetic acids.
Olgeurumil were infected with Penicillium sp. Gaseous chlorine dioxide ClO2 effectively inhibited growth of Penicillium sp. As treatment duration was extended from 1 to 3 h, growth of Penicillium sp. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp.
However, the incidence of Penicillium sp. Seed germination was not affected by ClO2 treatment at all the RH conditions. The incidences of Penicillium sp.
The incidence of Penicillium sp. Seed germination was not affected by ClO2 treatment at the tested concentrations. These results indicated that gaseous ClO2 was effective disinfectant to wheat seeds infected with Penicillium sp. The composition of Camembert cheese-ripening cultures modulates both mycelial growth and appearance. The fungal microbiota of bloomy-rind cheeses, such as Camembert, forms a complex ecosystem that has not been well studied, and its monitoring during the ripening period remains a challenge.
One limitation of enumerating yeasts and molds on traditional agar media is that hyphae are multicellular structures, and colonies on a petri dish rarely develop from single cells. In addition, fungi tend to rapidly invade agar surfaces, covering small yeast colonies and resulting in an underestimation of their number. In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative PCR qPCR method using TaqMan probes to quantify a mixed fungal community containing the most common dairy yeasts and molds: Penicillium camemberti , Geotrichum candidum, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Kluyveromyces lactis on soft-cheese model curds SCMC.
The qPCR method was optimized and validated on pure cultures and used to evaluate the growth dynamics of a ripening culture containing P. The results showed that P.
When added to this ecosystem, D. This result was confirmed by the decrease in the mycelium biomass on SCMC. This study compares culture-dependent and qPCR methods to successfully quantify complex fungal microbiota on a model curd simulating Camembert-type cheese. Antibacterial effects and toxigenesis of Penicillium aurantiogriseum Oct 18, The toxigenesis of one Penicillium aurantiogriseum and one Penicillium viridicatum isolates was investigated.
Sterile culture filtrates of both fungi had a clear antibacterial effect only against Bacillus subtilis. The effect on B. The antibacterial. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium. Samson, R. The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified in Talaromyces.
Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium sensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium. For detailed phylogenetic analysis of species relationships, the ITS region incl. Extrolite profiles were compiled for all type strains and many supplementary cultures.
All evidence supports our conclusions that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is distinct from other subgenera in Penicillium and should be taxonomically unified with the Talaromyces species that reside in the same clade.
Following the concepts of nomenclatural priority and single name nomenclature, we transfer all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces. A holomorphic generic diagnosis for the expanded concept of Talaromyces, including teleomorph and anamorph characters, is provided. A list of accepted Talaromyces names and newly combined Penicillium names is given.
Species of biotechnological and medical importance, such as P. Excluded species and taxa that need further taxonomic study are discussed. An appendix lists other generic names, usually considered synonyms of Penicillium sensu lato that. Under the absorbed dose of 2. Moreover, the abilities to degrade folimat, phoxim and glyphosate were improved.
Through 5 generations, the variation coefficient in degradation rate of methamidophos in the 6th day was 1. Yaequinolones, new insecticidal antibiotics produced by Penicillium sp.
Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activity. New nine insecticidal antibiotics designated yaequinolones were isolated from the culture broth of the fungal strain Penicillium sp. Yaequinolones showed growth inhibitory activity against brine shrimp Artemia salina. Among them, yaequinolone F has the most potent activity with MIC value of 0. Isolation and characterization of a novel mycovirus from Penicillium digitatum. Phylogenetic analysis based on multiple alignments of the amino acid sequences of the RdRp and CP indicated that PdV1 tentatively belongs to the genus Victorivirus in the Totiviridae family.
Transfection experiments with purified virions indicated that PdV1 could reduce the vegetative growth and virulence of P. In summary, we report the first isolation and characterization of a mycovirus from P.
PdV1 may potentially be used for citrus green mold biocontrol. The patient was admitted complaining of loss of visual fields and speech disturbances. CT scan revealed multiple brain abscesses. Stereothacic biopsies revealed fungal infection and amphotericin B treatment begun with initial improvement.
The patient died few days later as a consequence of massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices. The necropsy and final microbiologic analyses disclosed infection by Penicillium sp. There are thousands of fungal species of the Penicillium genera. Systemic penicilliosis is caused by the P. The clinical presentation usually involves the respiratory system and the skin, besides general symptoms like fever and weight loss.
Penicillium spp infection caused by species other than P. We report the fourth case of Penicillium spp CNS infection. Penicillium simile sp.
The morphology of three phenetically identical Penicillium isolates, collected from the bioaerosol in a restoration laboratory in Italy, displayed macro- and microscopic characteristics that were similar though not completely ascribable to Penicillium raistrickii.
For this reason, a phylogenetic approach based on DNA sequencing analysis was performed to establish both the taxonomic status and the evolutionary relationships of these three peculiar isolates in relation to previously described species of the genus Penicillium. We used four nuclear loci both rRNA and protein coding genes that have previously proved useful for the molecular investigation of taxa belonging to the genus Penicillium at various evolutionary levels.
The internal transcribed spacer region ITS Analysis of the rRNA genes and of the benA and cmd sequence data indicates the presence of three isogenic isolates belonging to a genetically distinct species of the genus Penicillium , here described and named Penicillium simile sp.
This novel species is phylogenetically different from P. Penicillium scabrosum , from which it can be distinguished on the basis of morphological trait analysis.
Penicillium arizonense, a new, genome sequenced fungal species, reveals a high chemical diversity in secreted metabolites. A new soil-borne species belonging to the Penicillium section Canescentia is described, Penicillium arizonense sp. The genome was sequenced and assembled into A phylogenetic assessment based on marker genes Compared to related species, P. Mining the genome for genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis resulted The capacity to produce biomass degrading enzymes and the identification of a high chemical diversity in secreted bioactive secondary metabolites, offers a broad range of potential Morphological variability was detected among isolates in regard to colony morphology and to conidia coloration.
The monomorphic fragments of bp P. The only internal transcribed spacer region variation detected between the two species was the additional six initial nucleotides. The analysis by telomeric fingerprinting showed polymorphism between both species and the chromosome minimal numbers estimated were three. The polymorphism observed in the organization of the subtelomeric region in the genome of two Penicillium species within the high homogeneous Penicillium subgenus is for the first time reported and perhaps can be employed in future phylogenetic studies.
Penicillium expansum e P. Microbial transformation of citral by Penicillium sp.. Thymol is present in the essential oils from herbs and spices, such as thyme. It is produced by these plant species as a chemical defense against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this compound has attracted great attention in food industry, i. Previous studies concerning the biotransformation of nerol by Penicillium sp.
The objective of this research was to study the pathway involved during biotransformation of citral by Penicillium sp. The culture preparation was done using different microbial methods and incubation periods to obtain Penicillium for citral biotransformation.
A comparison of the two methods showed that SSCM was more effective, its major products were thymol LM produced only one compound — thymol — with a low efficiency.
Part I: Microbiological and physicochemical evolutions. A holistic approach of a mould cheese ripening is presented. The objective was to establish relationships between the different microbiological and biochemical changes during cheese ripening.
Model cheeses were prepared from pasteurized milk inoculated with Kluyveromyces lactis, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium camemberti and Brevibacterium linens under aseptic conditions. Two cheese-making trials with efficient control of environmental parameters were carried out and showed similar ripening characteristics.
Its exponential growth presented 3 phases in relation to carbon and nitrogen substrate availability. Concentrations of Pen. The viable microorganism concentrations were well correlated with the carbon substrate concentrations in the core and in the rind.
The lactose concentrations were negligible after 10 d ripening, and changes in lactate quantities were correlated with fungi flora. The pH of the inner part depended on NH3.
Surface pH was significantly related to NH3 concentration and to fungi growth. The acid-soluble nitrogen ASN and non-protein nitrogen NPN indexes and NH3 concentrations of the rind were low until day 6, and then increased rapidly to follow the fungi concentrations until day Viable cell counts of K. These higher levels of amino acids induced by Fusarium infection were decreased when Penicillium was co-inoculated with Fusarium.
Co-inoculation with Penicillium mitigated the Fusarium-induced changes in fatty acids. The total chlorophyll content was lower in Fusarium- and Penicillium -infected plants than in the healthy control. Sesamin and sesamolin contents were higher in Penicillium - and Fusarium- infected plants than in the control.
To clarify the mechanism of the biocontrol effect of Penicillium against Fusarium by evaluating changes in primary and secondary metabolite contents in sesame plants. Fungal strains isolated from cork stoppers and the formation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole involved in the cork taint of wine.
Cork taint is mainly due to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole TCA produced through the activity of undesirable fungal strains. In contrast more fungi diversity was observed in TCA-containing stoppers. Penicillium spp Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium glabrum , Aspergillus spp Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae , Chrysonilia sitophila, Mucor racemosus, Paecilomyces sp. Conidia were numerous close to the lenticels and present from the lateral surface through to the centre of the stoppers.
The best yields of conversion were obtained by green fungi Paecilomyces sp. Chysonilia sitophila and Penicillium sp. Xylanase is produced by Penicillium canescens c from soya oil cake in static conditions using solid-state fermentation. The impact of several parameters such as the nature and the size of inoculum, bed-loading, and aeration is evaluated during the fermentation process.
Mycelial inoculum gives more production than conidial inoculum. Increasing the quantity of inoculum enhances slightly xylanase production. Forced aeration induces more sporulation of strain and reduces xylanase production. However, forced moistened air improves the production compared to production obtained with forced dry air.
In addition, increasing bed-loading reduces the specific xylanase production likely due to the incapacity of the Penicillium strain to grow deeply in the fermented soya oil cake mass. Thus, the best cultivation conditions involve mycelial inoculum form, a bed loading of 1-cm height and passive aeration.
These levels are higher than those presented in the literature and, therefore, show all the potentialities of this stock and this technique for the production of xylanase. In vitro antibacterial activity of the culture extracts was tested against four clinical bacterial isolates, namely, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
All the culture extracts and standard drug commercial Benzyl Penicillin inhibited the growth B. Antibacterial activity of extracts from cultures containing cassava shavings and sugarcane pulp was comparable with that of the standard drug. The MIC against the susceptible organisms was 0. Neither the culture extracts nor the standard drug inhibited K. Cassava shavings and sugarcane pulp are indicated as suitable cheap carbon sources for the production of antibiotics by Penicillium chrysogenum PCL Statistical Optimization of Tannase Production by Penicillium sp.
Tannase has several important applications in food, feed, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, production of tannase by mutant strain , Penicillium sp. EZ-ZH, was optimized in submerged fermentation utilizing two statistical approaches. At first step, a one factor at a time design was employed to screen the preferable nutriments carbon and nitrogen sources of the medium to produce tannase.
Screening of the carbon source resulted in the production of Catalytic performance of corn stover hydrolysis by a new isolate Penicillium sp. ECU producing both cellulase and xylanase.
A fungal strain , marked as ECU, producing high activities of both cellulase and xylanase was newly isolated from soil sample collected near decaying straw and identified as Penicillium sp. The cultivation of this fungus produced both cellulase 2. The cellulase and xylanase from Penicillium sp. ECU was stable at an ambient temperature with half-lives of 28 and 12 days, respectively. Addition of 3 M sorbitol greatly improved the thermostability of the two enzymes, with half-lives increased by 2.
Catalytic performance of the Penicillium cellulase and xylanase was evaluated by the hydrolysis of corn stover pretreated by steam explosion. The slime mold Physarum polycephalum is a strange, creeping, bloblike organism made up of one giant cell. Though it has no brain, it can learn from ScienceDaily shares links with sites in the TrendMD network and earns revenue from third-party advertisers, where indicated.
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