People with primary hypersomnia often use stimulants to prevent excessive sleepiness. These could include amphetamine Evekeo or methylphenidate Ritalin. Other options are nonstimulants that promote wakefulness, such as modafinil Provigil. Doctors might prescribe treatments for other conditions, such as antidepressants for those with depression. Sodium oxybate Xyrem is another option to reduce daytime sleepiness in those with narcolepsy.
The type of drug that a doctor recommends will also depend on what medications a person is already taking. The outlook of a person with hypersomnia could depend on its cause. Primary hypersomnia is manageable through treatment, but the condition can be lifelong and have serious consequences.
For example, a person may have to give up driving if there is a risk that they could fall asleep at the wheel. People with secondary hypersomnia may receive different forms of treatment for other conditions. When a doctor is successful in treating the underlying condition, hypersomnia symptoms may disappear. Feeling tired or napping during the day occasionally is not always a cause for concern. Some people will experience sleepiness from disrupted sleep patterns or staying up too late.
However, those who experience excessive sleepiness regularly without a clear cause should speak with a doctor. This consultation is particularly important if the symptoms are disrupting social, work, or family life.
Hypersomnia causes excessive sleepiness in the daytime. Hypersomnia may have several causes, and idiopathic hypersomnia is especially difficult to diagnose. Other causes of hypersomnia include sleep disorders, insufficient sleep, certain medications, and underlying health conditions, such as MS. People with hypersomnia may require behavioral therapy and medications to help keep them awake. Without proper treatment, the condition can severely disrupt daily life and lead to further problems.
Crisis fatigue is the result of ongoing stress, which can lead to tiredness, changes in appetite, and disrupted sleep. Learn about how to cope here. Many people feel persistently tired or fatigued, and it can negatively affect all facets of life. The cause of fatigue may be psychological or…. Feeling tired after eating is usually a natural biological response. Certain types of food and the size and timing of meals can all affect a person's…. Sudden, extreme fatigue can happen when a person does a lot of physical activity, is ill, or has a medical condition.
Fatigue and nausea are common symptoms that often occur together. However, clinicians should note that these drugs are not predictably sedating and may have activating properties.
In addition, the sedation provided may outlast its usefulness, causing EDS, and these drugs may have other adverse effects, such as weight gain. Alternatively, any antidepressant may be used with a hypnotic.
If depression is accompanied by EDS, antidepressants with activating qualities eg, bupropion , venlafaxine , certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] such as fluoxetine and sertraline may be chosen.
Patients with insufficient sleep syndrome do not sleep enough at night to stay alert when awake. The cause is usually various social or employment commitments. Insufficient sleep syndrome is probably the most common cause of EDS, which disappears when sleep time is increased eg, on weekends or vacations.
After long periods of sleep deprivation, weeks or months of extended sleep are needed to restore daytime alertness.
Insomnia and EDS can result from chronic use of central nervous system CNS stimulants eg, amphetamines, caffeine , hypnotics eg, benzodiazepines , other sedatives, antimetabolite chemotherapy, antiseizure drugs eg, phenytoin , methyldopa , propranolol , alcohol, and thyroid hormone preparations see table Some Drugs That Interfere With Sleep Some Drugs That Interfere With Sleep Almost half of all people in the US report sleep-related problems.
Commonly prescribed hypnotics can cause irritability and apathy and reduce mental alertness. Many psychoactive drugs can induce abnormal movements during sleep.
Insomnia can develop during withdrawal of CNS depressants eg, barbiturates, opioids, sedatives , tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or illicit drugs eg, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, phencyclidine.
Abrupt withdrawal of hypnotics or sedatives can cause nervousness, tremors, and seizures. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community.
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Common Health Topics. Videos Figures Images Quizzes Symptoms. Inadequate sleep hygiene. Adjustment insomnia. Psychophysiologic insomnia. Physical sleep disorders. Mental sleep disorders. The disorder is chronic, and the symptoms can be relentless. If an effective medication to control symptoms cannot be found, it can be extremely difficult for people with IH to hold down jobs, remain in school, maintain marriages, and fully engage with their family and friends.
Even with medication, patients may struggle with these activities. Symptoms often first appear in the mid-to-late teens or early twenties, although they can begin in childhood or at a later age. Symptom intensity often varies between weeks, months, or years and can worsen just prior to menses in women. In contrast to the short and generally refreshing daytime naps observed in narcolepsy type 1 , those naps in IH patients can be very long—on the scale of hours—and are usually unrefreshing.
IH symptoms and the medications used to treat them may lead to difficulties with anesthesia and hospital care. To create a care plan for emergencies or upcoming planned anesthesia or hospitalization, see our Anesthesia, Hospitalization and Emergency Planning page. Proper diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is key to establishing beneficial treatment strategies and includes:. IH is a disorder of the brain and central nervous system whose cause is not known. It is possible that there may be multiple causes, each of which applies to a subset of the IH population.
One current hypothesis is that in a few cases, there appears to be overproduction of a small molecule present in cerebrospinal fluid that acts like a sleeping pill or anesthetic.
Its primary role is to reduce the excitability or dampen the actions of cells throughout the nervous system.
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