Melting Point. Boiling Point. CAS Number. Abundance in Universe. Abundance in Sun. Abundance in Meteorites. Abundance in Earth's Crust. Abundance in Oceans. Abundance in Humans.
Space Group Name. Space Group Number. Crystal Structure. Electron Configuration. Valence Electrons. Oxidation State. Atomic Radius. Covalent Radius. Van der Waals Radius. Neutron Cross Section. Young Modulus. Shear Modulus. Bulk Modulus.
Poisson Ratio. Mohs Hardness. Vickers Hardness. Brinell Hardness. Electrical Conductivity. Superconducting Point. Thermal Conductivity. Thermal Expansion. Magnetic Type. Curie Point. When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point.
Specific heat , or specific heat capacity, is a property related to internal energy that is very important in thermodynamics. The intensive properties c v and c p are defined for pure, simple compressible substances as partial derivatives of the internal energy u T, v and enthalpy h T, p , respectively:. The properties c v and c p are referred to as specific heats or heat capacities because under certain special conditions they relate the temperature change of a system to the amount of energy added by heat transfer.
Different substances are affected to different magnitudes by the addition of heat. When a given amount of heat is added to different substances, their temperatures increase by different amounts. Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, meaning it is proportional to the size of the system. Heat capacity C has the unit of energy per degree or energy per kelvin. When expressing the same phenomenon as an intensive property , the heat capacity is divided by the amount of substance, mass, or volume, thus the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample.
In general, when a material changes phase from solid to liquid, or from liquid to gas a certain amount of energy is involved in this change of phase. As an example, see the figure, which descibes phase transitions of water.
Latent heat is the amount of heat added to or removed from a substance to produce a change in phase. When latent heat is added, no temperature change occurs.
The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place. The liquid phase has a higher internal energy than the solid phase.
This means energy must be supplied to a solid in order to melt it and energy is released from a liquid when it freezes, because the molecules in the liquid experience weaker intermolecular forces and so have a higher potential energy a kind of bond-dissociation energy for intermolecular forces.
The enthalpy of fusion is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place. By convention, the pressure is assumed to be 1 atm Search Search. What is Tin Tin is a chemical element with atomic number 50 which means there are 50 protons and 50 electrons in the atomic structure. There are two reasons for the difference between mass number and isotopic mass, known as the mass defect : The neutron is slightly heavier than the proton.
This increases the mass of nuclei with more neutrons than protons relative to the atomic mass unit scale based on 12 C with equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
The nuclear binding energy varies between nuclei. For 63 Cu the atomic mass is less than 63 so this must be the dominant factor. Typical densities of various substances at atmospheric pressure. Electronegativity of Tin is 1.
Affinities of Non metals vs. Affinities of Metals Metals: Metals like to lose valence electrons to form cations to have a fully stable shell. The electron affinity of metals is lower than that of nonmetals. Mercury most weakly attracts an extra electron. Nonmetals: Generally, nonmetals have more positive electron affinity than metals. Nonmetals like to gain electrons to form anions to have a fully stable electron shell.
Chlorine most strongly attracts extra electrons. The electron affinities of the noble gases have not been conclusively measured, so they may or may not have slightly negative values.
Moreover: Ionization energy is lowest for the alkali metals which have a single electron outside a closed shell. Ionization energy increases across a row on the periodic maximum for the noble gases which have closed shells. Boiling Point — Saturation In thermodynamics, the term saturation defines a condition in which a mixture of vapor and liquid can exist together at a given temperature and pressure.
Melting Point — Saturation In thermodynamics, the melting point defines a condition in which the solid and liquid can exist in equilibrium. Latent Heat of Fusion of Tin is 7. Latent Heat of Vaporization of Tin is This is because its nucleons either protons or neutrons are arranged into complete shells within the atomic nucleus, rendering the atom more stable than expected.
The nucleons in tin are "magic numbers" for both the number of protons and neutrons 50p and 50n , as is tin 50p and 82n , making these isotopes "doubly magic" -- when the number of both protons and neutrons are "magic numbers".
Oddly, neither isotope of tin is particularly stable: tin has a half-life of just one second whilst tin has a half-life of 40 seconds. But we now know that these isotopes are where atomic stability drops off rapidly. The combination of its size and nuclear stability results in tin having the greatest number of stable isotopes of any element.
These include isotopes with atomic masses between and except , and Of these isotopes, tin is most common. Tin never occurs in its pure form in the wild, but instead, it is found in a variety of minerals, although the only commercially important source of tin is cassiterite Sn O 2.
Yet, tin is fairly common on earth, but the demand for it is high. For this reason, it is estimated that earth will run out of exploitable tin in the next 20 to 40 years, depending upon whether you use current demand or projected future demand to make that extrapolation.
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