The optimal speed of a wind turbine where it works the best is between 30mph and 50mph. A wind turbine can also be calculated using rotations. The blades of the turbine are connected to the rotor that tuns at about rotations per minute.
Then that rotor is connected to the whole gear box that raises the rotation speed to about rotations per minute. The blades are heavily reliant upon the aerodynamics of the design, and wind tunnel testing allows designers to identify faults and improve upon blade designs.
Aerodynamics refers to the properties of a solid object, and how the air around it interacts with it. When wind interacts with a solid object, the velocity of the wind changes and the air moves around the object.
Today, modern turbines have similar blade designs as the wings of an aeroplane. Turbine blades are slightly curved on one side and flat on the other. The thicker part of the blade is where the wind first encounters the blade.
From here it can either travel along the curved side of the blade, or the relatively flat side. The wind travelling along the curved side takes longer to reach the end of the blade than that which travels along the flat surface. This process is known as lift. The blades of a turbine are twisted as they extend from the rotor to the blade tip.
This increases the force exerted near the tip, as the tip moves much faster than at the rotor. Inside the turbine head known as the nacelle , there is a low speed shaft connected to the rotor.
Large-scale turbines typically rotate at 20 rpm, while domestic sized turbines tend to revolve at roughly rpm. In most large-scale turbines, the low speed shaft is connected to a gearbox. The gearbox increases the rotational speed of the shaft, up to rpm.
This is the required rotational speed of most generators to produce acceptable levels of power. The gearbox increases the rotational speed of one gear by connecting to a gear with a smaller radius. For instance, imagine the low speed shaft is attached to a gear with 20 teeth, which is connected to another gear with 10 teeth, which in turn is connected to the high-speed shaft.
If the toothed gear spins once, the gear with 10 teeth will have to turn twice. Therefore the high-speed shaft will be spinning at twice the speed of the low-speed shaft. But lets not get into the details of electromagnetism in this blog….
The generator in wind turbines produces Alternating Current AC electricity. The blades are attached to a rotor , 3 blades in a hub, that spins a shaft connected to a gearbox. This increases the turning velocity from rpm to - rpm. The gearbox transfers the energy through a fast shaft to a generator. It is here that the energy receives added voltage and the electricity is distributed from substations to the National Grid. There are several types, including solar power from the sun, tidal power from waves, hydroelectric power from rivers, and wind power, where a turbine is used to harness the wind and convert it to electricity.
From a distance, it is easy to be fooled into thinking that wind turbines spin in a slow and cumbersome manner. When you know the formula, it is possible to calculate the speed of a turbine, with the help of a calculator.
You will need to know the length of the blade and the traveling circumference the tip of the blade takes in a single revolution. This is relatively slow as large turbines can achieve speeds of mph before cut-out methods react. All turbines are designed to operate to maximum speed, with maximum efficiency. Increased wind speeds generate more electricity until the turbine is operating at maximum rated power.
However, to generate maximum power efficiently, the rotation speed of the blades should be controlled. To prevent damage to the blades and unnecessary strain on the motor, the turbine has two methods of reducing torque in high winds. Wind turbines employ the use of a vane anemometer, a piece of equipment essential to their safe and controlled operation.
The machine is situated atop the tower, easily recognized by the set of spinning blades or cups. It is the ratio between the rotational speed of the tip of the blade and the actual velocity of the wind. Although a higher ratio is desirable, it shouldn't be to the detriment of the motor.
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